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My first encounter with Zenith (or a Nigerian bank at all) must have been in early 2009, just after the recess and shuffle of the sector.

Just before you read further, allow me introduce myself; my name is Kweku Nkrumah, a Ghanaian businessman who loves traveling and writing sometimes.

A lot of worry about the financial health of the banks, leadership/administrative policy, security control and personnel management had led to a real restructuring and a new cause for banking in Africa’s biggest economy; the stage was finally (re)set for industry players and the most creative ideology.

For reasons of time and space however, this piece will focus on my experience with banks with respect to physical and cyber-security challenges.

Nine years later I’m back to the country and I need lower denomination of Naira notes, I quickly walked into a reputable mid-generation bank and customers had to go into hall without their items just as the security told everyone with every sense of arrogance “items at customers’ risk”; now this bank had no form of gating or protection (big as the structure was).

For some more complex transaction I had to move to the bank just beside it (another mid generation bank), the hall had too many customers waiting and snail-speed internet service..then my third option..Zenith bank.

Now Zenith bank looked structured in a deliberate manner, one that makes it difficult for a wrong-doer to find a way out..that’s a concerned organisation!

Furthermore, I observed an uncanny zeal among the bank workers, that beside the seeming freedom with which everyone went about his duty, it felt more like confidence in something I couldn’t figure out; finally I was done with my transaction and two security staff of the bank walked me to the car with smiles and so much cordination. One major thing that suprised me is the fact that these guys refused to make demands compared to their counterparts in other Nigerian banks I’ve been to, the usual line of ‘Anything for the boys’ didn’t slip out of their lips.

I placed a call later to my banker cousin in another bank and he said “No Zenith bank staff has his life in his mouth”, that explained everything I experienced in the bank including personnel arrangement and positioning. I had observed very fortified walls and armoured glasses for extra protection of life and deposits and then the confidence made sense.

As a deposit house, it might not be out of place for some unwanted elements to harbour unholy thoughts and some organisations take it beyond having the strongest walls, armoured glasses and barricades.

Few days later, I visited banks within the Lagos metropolis like I owned half their shares and I dare say that while almost every bank has two or three CCTV cameras, more than half of the banks have just two working, I found out from a simple test with my phone and confirmation from a few workers.

Contrary to what I had seen, Zenith bank cameras always left me feeling overly monitored and then I was reminded how quickly footage was released after the infamous attack on an Owerri branch (hope i got that correctly) sometime ago, the fastest response recorded.

One observation after another and I found myself checking for cyber and financial security.

Now Zenith holds the record of biggest bank in Nigeria and the most technology inclined of all; it should be noted that despite a number of undisclosed attempted cyber attacks on banks retaining top spot speaks of nothing but high quality security innovation.

I didn’t have more time to look into areas other than security before returning to my country but if physical evidence, records and recommendation from rival organisation are anything to go by then Zenith bank is definitely at the zenith of security in West African sub region.

Kweku NKRUMAH
Ghanaian Businessman

BIG STORY

Nigeria’s FX Reserves To Hit $41bn As Naira Seen Sustaining Gains

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Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves are projected to reach $41 billion by the end of the year, slightly higher than the 2024 figure, as the naira continues to strengthen, according to CardinalStone’s mid-year outlook.

The expected increase in reserves is linked to the federal government’s plan to raise $3.2 billion in the second half of the year to address certain fiscal needs. Potential inflows from portfolio investors are also anticipated to support this outlook.

“These proposed external borrowings, alongside other anticipated inflows, will likely boost the FX reserves to $41.00 billion by year-end, compared to $37.27 billion as of H1’25,” the Lagos-based research and investment firm stated in its report.

A stronger external reserve position is seen as a positive for the naira, with the firm projecting the local currency to stay within the N1,550.00 — N1,635.00 per dollar range through the end of 2025.

So far this year, Nigeria’s FX reserves have dropped by over $3.5 billion as the central bank settled around $2 billion in external obligations and continued to inject dollars into the market to sustain liquidity and stabilize the naira amid global challenges.

CardinalStone Research analysts noted that external pressures—including instability in the Middle East and new tariffs introduced by US President Donald Trump—have driven $22.83 billion in FX outflows, as investors pivot to US Treasuries and Gold.

This situation has prompted the central bank to implement a “discretionary FX framework”, resulting in the sale of $4.72 billion to counteract market distortions.

The report highlighted that the CBN’s average monthly FX intervention stood at $786.58 million, significantly below the pre-COVID average of $2.30 billion and the post-COVID level of $1.38 billion, both of which were previously used to support the naira despite broader macroeconomic weaknesses.

To control inflation, attract foreign investment, and boost the naira’s value, monetary authorities have maintained key interest rates for two consecutive sessions after increasing lending rates by a total of 875 basis points to 27.5 percent.

The analysts foresee an additional 50 to 100 basis point adjustment before the year concludes, potentially easing the burden on businesses affected by high borrowing costs.

The combination of tighter monetary policy, improved FX reserves, and more effective FX management is gradually restoring investor confidence, which had declined during previous episodes of currency instability.

Nonetheless, the forecast remains vulnerable to shifts in global oil prices, the level of portfolio investments, and how quickly fiscal consolidation efforts advance. Disruptions in these areas could negatively affect both reserves and currency stability.

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BIG STORY

Dangote Refinery To End Crude Imports By December — Bloomberg Report

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The Dangote Petroleum Refinery plans to stop importing crude oil by December 2025, aiming to replace hundreds of thousands of barrels per day of imported crude with domestic supply.

A Bloomberg report quoted Devakumar Edwin, Vice President at Dangote Industries, who oversees the 650,000-barrel-per-day facility in Lagos, saying that contracts with foreign crude suppliers will expire, allowing the refinery to shift to sourcing feedstock locally.

Edwin stated that the refinery had previously imported crude from Brazil, Angola, Ghana, and Equatorial Guinea. However, he explained that “improved relations between the refinery, local oil traders and the government will result in a steady supply of Nigerian crude.”

The report noted that in June, the plant received about half of its crude from local producers, who will be able to supply more as their foreign commitments wind down.

Edwin said, “We expect some of the long-term contracts will expire. Personally, and as a company, we expect that before the end of the year, we can transition 100 per cent to local crude.”

Data compiled by Bloomberg revealed that in June, the refinery sourced 53 per cent of its crude from domestic producers and 47 per cent from the United States.

Edwin added that the plant is currently processing 550,000 barrels of crude per day.

According to cargo allocations seen by Bloomberg News, Dangote was scheduled to receive five cargoes from the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited in July, with the same amount set for August. Each cargo contains nearly one million barrels of crude.

Aliko Dangote constructed the $20 billion refinery to end the export of Nigerian crude for refining abroad and the subsequent importation of refined products.

The gradual ramp-up of the refinery has already enabled Nigeria to become a net exporter of petroleum products, despite initial challenges in securing adequate domestic crude to reach its full capacity of 650,000 barrels per day. This led to the refinery relying heavily on foreign crude.

Dangote recently stated that despite a naira-for-crude deal, the refinery had been largely dependent on crude from the United States.

The refinery expects a notable increase in local crude supply over the coming months.

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BIG STORY

UBA, Wema, GTB Resume International Transactions On Naira Cards After Years Of Suspension

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Three commercial banks in Nigeria have revealed the recommencement of international transactions on their naira cards. In separate messages to customers, the United Bank of Africa (UBA), Wema Bank, and Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB) confirmed that the service is back on their naira cards. This change comes about three years after several banks halted international transactions on naira debit cards.

In a recent notice to customers, UBA stated the resumption is part of its ongoing commitment to delivering seamless and improved banking experiences. “In line with our continued commitment to providing you with seamless and enhanced banking experiences, we are pleased to inform you that all UBA Premium Naira Cards, including Gold, Platinum, and World variants are now enabled for international transactions,” the message read. “This means you can now use your Premium Naira Card for everyday payments, online shopping, POS, and ATM transactions across the world, with more ease and flexibility. If you haven’t used your card recently, now’s a great time to rediscover the convenience and prestige that comes with being a UBA premium cardholder.”

In its own statement, Wema Bank informed customers they could now “pay in dollars” using their naira cards. “Your Wema Naira Mastercard just went global! Now you can pay in dollars on all your favourite international platforms; Amazon, eBay, AliExpress? Netflix, Spotify, YouTube,” the bank noted.

In an email to customers, GTB explained that users can spend up to one thousand dollars every quarter with its naira card worldwide. “We are pleased to inform you that you now have a quarterly limit of $1,000 on your GTBank Naira Card to pay for all your favourite things anywhere in the world,” it said. “Withdrawals at ATMs Abroad: $500 quarterly. Online and POS Transactions: $1,000 quarterly. Kindly note that the quarterly limit of $1,000 covers all transactions including ATM cash withdrawals abroad, purchases on international websites, POS payments outside Nigeria, and more.”

WHY BANKS ARE MAKING THE SHIFT

Ayokunle Olubunmi, head of financial institutions ratings at Agusto & Co, explained that the improved liquidity in the foreign exchange (FX) market encouraged banks to restart global transactions with their naira cards. “The moderating premium on the parallel market transactions and the reduced arbitrage opportunities is also responsible for the decision,” he said.

Charles Sanni, chief executive officer of Cowry Treasurers, told TheCable that the smaller spread between the official and parallel market rates likely influenced the move. He added that interest rates are very high in Nigeria, which discourages borrowing to speculate on foreign exchange. “The naira has also continued to appreciate against the other major currencies of the world. More so, there has been increased diaspora remittances based on the new policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on opening of accounts for non-residents, particularly Nigerians in diaspora,” he explained.

Sanni also pointed to renewed confidence in FX management by the federal government and the CBN, noting improvements in fund transfers and capital repatriation. He mentioned that factors such as an improved credit rating for Nigeria, the clearance of FX backlogs, a “new trading platform, increase in oil prices from geopolitical conflicts, and banks capitalisation” also played a role.

Between July 2022 and January 2023, several other banks had also temporarily stopped international transactions on ATMs and POS channels. The pause was due to severe FX scarcity, which posed a risk to vital sectors of the economy.

In July, Standard Chartered Bank halted international transactions on its naira visa debit card. First Bank of Nigeria (FBN), on September 21, 2022, announced it would stop international transactions on its naira Mastercard. Three months later, Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) suspended global payments on its naira Mastercard, and Zenith Bank followed suit on January 9, 2023.

Flutterwave, Eversend, and other fintech platforms also suspended their virtual card services for international transactions.

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