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Naira Devaluation Raises Foreign Debt By N30tn — Report

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Naira devaluation raised Nigeria’s external debt by about “N30.03tn” between 2023 and June 2024 when considered in naira terms, an analysis by The Punch revealed.

Despite a reduction in the country’s debt when measured in US dollars, the exchange rate shift has made Nigeria’s foreign obligations far more costly in local currency.

Data from the Debt Management Office shows that as of June 1, 2023, Nigeria’s external debt stood at “$43.16bn.”

At an exchange rate of “N770.38” to the dollar, this amounted to “N33.25tn.” However, by June 1, 2024, the naira had depreciated by 47.6 percent, with the exchange rate rising to “N1,470.19” to the dollar.

As a result, Nigeria’s external debt, which has dropped to “$42.90bn,” is now equivalent to “N63.07tn.”

In dollar terms, Nigeria’s external debt dropped by 0.60 per cent or “$258.18m” between June 2023 and the same month of 2024.

However, in naira terms, there was an increase of 89.7 percent or “N29.82tn” within the same period.

The Punch further observed that if the June 2023 exchange rate (“N770.38/$1”) had been used, Nigeria’s external debt would have been “N33.05tn.”

This further shows that the naira devaluation added “N30.02tn” to Nigeria’s external debt in one year as the country battles currency weakness and rising total debt.

While the nominal value of Nigeria’s external debt in dollar terms has remained relatively stable, the depreciation of the local currency has caused a steep rise in the naira equivalent.

The Punch further observed that external debt accounted for 46.96 per cent of Nigeria’s total debt by June 2024, up from 38.05 per cent recorded in the same month last year.

Further analysis by The Punch showed that Multilateral lenders remain Nigeria’s largest external creditors, accounting for over half of the country’s external debt (50.41 per cent or “$21.62bn”) as of June 2024.

These creditors include the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, the African Development Bank Group, and the Islamic Development Bank, among others.

Nigeria owes “$1.61bn” to the IMF, making up 3.75 percent of the total external debt.

The World Bank’s share of Nigeria’s debt totals “$16.32bn,” with the majority owed to the International Development Association, which accounts for “$16.32bn,” which represents 38 per cent of Nigeria’s total external debt.

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, another arm of the World Bank, is owed “$484.0m,” or 1.13 percent.

Nigeria’s debt to the AfDB group is “$3.87bn,” representing 9.03 percent of the total external debt.

This includes “$1.63bn” to the African Development Bank and “$991.89m” to the African Development Fund.

Nigeria owes “$4.97m” to Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, a negligible amount relative to the total, at 0.01 percent.

Debt to the European Development Fund totals “$30.72m,” or 0.07 percent of Nigeria’s external debt.

Nigeria’s debt to the IsDB stands at “$241.84m,” or 0.56 percent of the total debt, while Nigeria’s debt to the International Fund for Agricultural Development is “$273.51m,” which is 0.64 per cent of the external debt stock.

Bilateral Creditors, such as China and France, have provided Nigeria with “$5.89bn” (13.72 percent of total external debt) in credit financing.

China is Nigeria’s largest bilateral creditor, with “$5.07bn” owed to the Exim Bank of China, and this constitutes 11.83 percent of the total external debt.

Nigeria owes “$623.55m” to France (Agence Française de Développement), or 1.45 per cent of the total external debt, and “$52.18m” to Japan (Japan International Cooperation Agency), representing 0.12 percent.

The country’s debt to India (Exim Bank of India) is “$22.35m,” or 0.05 percent, and to Germany (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau) “$115.81m,” or 0.27 percent of total external debt.

Commercial creditors, primarily through Eurobonds, form a significant portion of Nigeria’s external debt.

Nigeria owes “$15.12bn” in Eurobonds, accounting for 35.24 per cent of the total external debt.

The Eurobond debt is expected to increase by the end of the year, as Nigeria recently raised “$2.2bn” from its latest Eurobond auction.

Nigeria also has smaller debts to various syndicated loans and financial institutions. For instance, “$270m,” or 0.63 per cent of the total external debt, is owed to a syndicate of banks.

The Punch earlier reported that Nigeria’s external debt might rise to “$45.1bn” by the end of 2024 as the Federal Government planned to secure additional external funding.

The Debt Management Office revealed in its latest report that the country’s external debt stock increased by “$780m” in the second quarter of 2024, growing from “$42.12bn” in March to “$42.9bn” as of June 2024.

In a related development, the Federal Executive Council approved a “$2.2bn” external borrowing plan as part of the Federal Government’s 2024 Appropriation Act financing programme.

Although the borrowing plan included a combination of Eurobond and Sukuk offerings, valued at “$1.7bn” and “$500m,” Nigeria has raised the entire “$2.2bn” from its latest Eurobond auction out of over “$9bn” subscriptions.

Justifying the borrowing, the Minister of Finance, Wale Edun, said the external financing initiative aligned with the administration’s broader economic recovery plan, which focused on stabilising macroeconomic conditions, adjusting market pricing for foreign exchange and petroleum products, and supporting local production.

He added that earlier in the year Nigeria’s successful domestic issuance of dollar bonds highlighted the growing resilience and sophistication of the country’s financial market, attracting both local and international investors who showcased confidence in the Federal Government’s economic reform agenda.

BIG STORY

UBA Earns Top 5 Spot In Customer Experience Survey, Shines In SME And Retail Banking

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United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, Africa’s Global Bank, has further established its position as a customer-focused institution, securing a spot among the Top 5 banks in several categories of the KPMG 2024 West Africa Banking Industry Customer Experience Survey.

The survey underscored UBA’s strong performance, placing it second in SME Banking and third in Retail Banking. These results represent a significant advancement, propelled by the bank’s commitment to its “Customer First” (C1st) philosophy.

The bank’s upward trajectory in customer satisfaction is clear. In Retail Banking, UBA jumped to third place from 14th in 2023. Similarly, in SME Banking, it rose to second place from 6th. In Corporate Banking, the bank earned fourth place, up from 8th last year. These gains highlight UBA’s dedication to exceeding customer expectations and providing outstanding service across its operations.

UBA’s Group Managing Director/CEO, Oliver Alawuba, referred to the recognition as a validation of the bank’s transformation. He stated, “This achievement is a testament to our ability to turn aspirations into accomplishments and challenges into triumphs. Our “Customer First” (C1st) philosophy is more than a mantra; it’s the foundation of our success. Through it, we’ve redefined customer satisfaction, created value, and built lasting trust and loyalty.”

Alawuba credited UBA’s success to the unwavering dedication of its employees. “From our retail branches to corporate offices, and from technology teams to front-line staff, every effort has contributed to this extraordinary transformation. I am deeply grateful to our remarkable team for making this possible,” he said.

He highlighted the bank’s focus on six pillars of customer experience: Integrity, Resolution, Expectations, Time and Effort, Empathy, and Personalization. These principles have transformed UBA’s interactions with customers, fostering trust and loyalty across its varied markets.

While celebrating these milestones, Alawuba reaffirmed UBA’s ambition to be the leading bank in all segments. He outlined the bank’s strategy to deepen customer relationships, enhance processes, and drive ongoing innovation. “As the banking landscape evolves and customer expectations rise, we remain agile and committed to delivering unparalleled value. Together, we will set new benchmarks for excellence,” he added.

UBA is a prominent financial institution with 25,000 employees serving over 45 million customers worldwide. Operating in 20 African countries and international hubs such as the UK, USA, France, and the UAE, UBA offers a comprehensive range of retail, commercial, and institutional banking services, championing financial inclusion and utilizing cutting-edge technology.

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BIG STORY

Police Arrest 50 Suspected Vandals, Recover 25 Manhole Covers In Abuja [PHOTOS]

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The police command in the federal capital territory (FCT) has announced the arrest of 50 suspected vandals of public facilities in the nation’s capital.

During the parade of the suspects on Monday, Olatunji Disu, FCT police commissioner, stated that the suspects were arrested in markets where “fairly used” items are sold in Kabusa, Garki, Mabushi, and Wuse.

Disu explained that the suspects are part of a network involved in selling stolen “manhole covers” to scrap dealers.

He added that operatives also recovered 25 “manhole covers,” five “solar streetlights,” and other items stolen from public facilities.

The 50 suspects arrested include Bashir Usman, Shaibu Ibrahim, Sani Isah, Ibrahim Hassan, Mustapha Hassan, Awal Nawan, Umar Aliyu, Auta Umar, Datti Ibrahim, Mohammed Salim, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Ifeanyi-Chuckwu Emmanuel, Abba Ismail, Najib Abdul, Muhammed Lawal, Rabiu Ibrahim, Adamu Suleiman, Abdulkarim Abdullahi, and Haruna Nasiru.

Others include Abdul Nai’ja, Josua Steven, Livinus Steven, Ismail Abdullahi, Munir Sada, Ibrahim Yahaya, Yahaya Musa, Dahiru Nasiru, Abdullahi Muhammed, Monday Barnabas, Hamisu Iman, Promise Abanonum, Ehieze Emeka, Ehieze Justice, Mohammed Inusa, Tijanni Suleiman, Promise James, and Haruna Auwalu; Ayuba Danjuma, Suleiman Abu, Nafiu Ahmmed, Kamalu Junaidu, Zaradeen Yakubu, Abdulhadi Adam, Mohammed Ibrahim, Chukwu Emmanuel, Douglas Yahaya, Mohammed Lawal, Auwal Musa, and Abubakar Kabiru.

Other recovered items include several “galvanised poles” used in constructing flyovers, 15 “streetlight poles” cut into smaller pieces, rolls of high-voltage Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC) cables, two locally made pistols, two live cartridges, 30 tubes of “triple sub glue,” and 13 large “solar panels.”

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Retirement: Top Generals Get $20,000 Medical Allowance, Bullet-proof SUV, Others

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President Bola Tinubu has approved a retirement package for service chiefs and generals, including $20,000 for foreign medical treatment, bullet-proof SUVs, cooks, and other benefits, which have been criticized by the Nigerian Medical Association, the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria, and the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors.

Under the Harmonised Terms and Conditions of Service for Officers and Enlisted Personnel in the Nigerian Armed Forces, signed by President Bola Tinubu on December 14, 2024, the Chief of Defence Staff and other service chiefs are entitled to a bulletproof SUV or its equivalent as part of their retirement benefits.

The vehicle will be replaced every four years and maintained by the military. Additionally, a Peugeot 508 or an equivalent vehicle will be provided as a backup.

The retired generals will also enjoy a range of other luxurious benefits, including domestic aides and residential guards upon retirement.

While those who retire as lieutenant generals and their equivalents will enjoy international and local medical treatment worth up to $20,000 annually, the benefits for the CDS and the service chiefs were not specified, but it is believed that theirs would be significantly higher.

In addition, they will be assigned a special assistant or personal assistant, three service drivers, and a service orderly, with escorts provided as necessary by relevant military units.

Also, each retiring service chief will also be provided with five domestic aides, comprising two service cooks, two stewards, and one civilian gardener, along with an aide-de-camp or security officer.

The HTCOS read, “Retirement benefits for CDS and Service Chiefs: The following benefits shall be applicable: One bullet-proof SUV or equivalent vehicle to be maintained by the Service and to be replaced every four years. One Peugeot 508 or equivalent backup vehicle.

‘’Retention of all military uniforms and accoutrement to be worn for appropriate ceremonies; five domestic aides (two service cooks, two stewards and one civilian gardener); one Aide-de-Camp/security officer; one Special Assistant (Lt/Capt or equivalents) or one Personal Assistant (Warrant Officer or equivalents); standard guard (nine soldiers).

“Three service drivers; one service orderly; escorts (to be provided by appropriate military units/ formation as the need arises); retention of personal firearms (on his demise, the personal firearm(s) shall be retrieved by the relevant service) and free medical cover in Nigeria and abroad.”

For other senior officers such as lieutenant generals and equivalents, they are entitled to two Toyota Hilux vehicles or one Toyota Land Cruiser, along with $20,000 annual medical treatment, two cooks, two stewards, four residential guards and two drivers.

The document stated, “Lieutenant generals and equivalents will receive two Toyota Hilux vehicles or one Toyota Land Cruiser, along with $20,000 annual medical treatment, two cooks, two stewards, four residential guards, and two drivers.

“Retirement benefits for lieutenant general/equivalents. The following benefits shall be applicable: Officers of three-star rank. Two Toyota Hilux Vehicles or one Toyota Land cruiser or equivalent jeep of the same value; two Cooks; two Stewards; four residential guards; one service orderly; two service drivers and free medicals in Nigeria and abroad to the tune of $20,000 per year.”

The Federal Government also approved for major generals and brigadier generals a Toyota Land Cruiser or equivalent, $15,000 annual medical treatment, domestic staff, and residential guards.

One-star officers are expected to receive $10,000 annually for medical care, a Toyota Camry or equivalent and similar domestic and security arrangements.

The HTCOS further read, “For major-generals/brigadier-generals and equivalents, the following benefits shall be applicable: One Toyota Land Cruiser or equivalent car of the same value.

“One cook; One steward, two residential guards; One service orderly; One driver; Free medicals in Nigeria, and abroad to the tune of $15,000 per annum.

“Officers of One-Star rank (Brig. Gen.): One Toyota Camry or equivalent car of the same value; One service driver; two residential guards; One orderly and free medicals in Nigeria and abroad to the tune of $10,000 per annum.’’

Colonels and their equivalents are to get a Toyota Corolla or its equivalent and free medical care within Nigeria.

The President of the NMA, Prof Bala Audu, emphasised that any retirement benefits received by government officials should be invested within Nigeria.

Speaking on the upgraded perks for the military brass, the NMA president noted, “If they want to give them government-benefited medical treatment, cooks, or whatever, I think they should give them all their benefits in Nigeria, that is what I believe.’’

“Whoever wants to receive benefits, whether service chiefs or Mr. President, it should be in Nigeria, and not abroad,’’ he insisted.

President of MDCAN, Prof Muhammad Muhammad, demanded that the Nigerian healthcare system should be transformed to cater to Nigerians’ healthcare needs.

“My main concern is not what they are giving, but the fact that it is made official that the medical treatment has to be abroad. When, in fact, in most situations, when they go out, it’s Nigerian doctors that they are going to meet. So, in that situation, we need to make sure they are taking good care of the Nigerian healthcare providers,’’ he said.

He added that the decision to make provision for foreign treatment for the retired officers signalled a lack of confidence in the local health sector.

“This also means that the government does not have confidence in the Nigerian healthcare system. So, they have to make sure that whatever level of care they receive abroad, we also have it in Nigeria because that is what is going to make Nigerians continue to have confidence in the healthcare system and the healthcare providers in Nigeria. So, my main concern is not what was allocated, but the fact that it is made official that the treatment will be abroad.

“That means the government itself is not comfortable and is not happy with what is available in the Nigerian hospitals for the care of Nigerians,” he added.

While acknowledging that the retirement package for service chiefs, judges, and politicians is not new, the medical expert insisted that the well-being of Nigerians and healthcare professionals should also be prioritised.

“And then likewise, they need to increase budgetary provisions to upgrade our hospitals and other healthcare institutions and training centres so that Nigerians who may not necessarily have to go out of the country will be able to get the requisite healthcare service that they require,” he recommended.

On his part, NARD president, Dr Tope Osundara, noted that medical tourism is the bane of the health sector, stressing the need to address it urgently.

“The treatment they go abroad to get can be gotten here in Nigeria. Besides, what is stopping the government from providing state-of-the-art equipment in our hospitals or upgrading the hospitals?

“It’s not like we don’t have Nigerian doctors who can do some of the things they travel abroad to do, but unfortunately, rather than prioritise our health system, equip the hospitals and make it efficient, we would rather spend the money elsewhere, thereby improving their economy.

“We should rather pump money into our health system, and this money will find a way to circulate. By the time you are pumping money into it, and people are taking advantage, it will give a return on investment. But it seems that the focus of the government is elsewhere rather than majoring on what is essential in Nigeria.

“I appreciate the Coordinating Minister, Prof Muhammad Pate, who is also trying to do everything they can to improve the health system, but there is a limit to what a minister can do.

“We need a paradigm shift concerning reforms in the health sector. It still lies with the executive arm of government to ensure that the priorities are not focused on medical treatment abroad, but we should internalise treatment and make it local,” he said.

The Country Director, Accountability Lab Nigeria, Friday Odeh, described the development as “alarming”, noting the hardship faced by Nigerians, adding that the extravagant retirement benefits raised concerns about the priorities of the government.

He also questioned whether the service chiefs had done enough to deserve the packages while calling on the citizens to challenge such policies.

Odeh stated, “It is alarming that service chiefs are set to receive $20,000 for foreign medical treatment, bullet-proof SUVs, and personal staff as part of their retirement package. At a time when Nigeria faces economic hardship, such extravagance raises serious concerns about the government’s priorities.

‘’Millions of Nigerians struggle with poverty and failing public services, yet resources are being funnelled into luxuries for a select few. Does Nigeria truly have this kind of money to play around with?”

Odeh queried the wisdom behind the retirement perks citing the inability of the armed forces to address the insecurity plaguing the country.

He added, “The justification for these perks is questionable. For over 12 years, insecurity has ravaged the country, with insurgency, kidnapping, banditry, and violence leaving a trail of destruction. While there have been some gains, they are uneven and insufficient.

‘’Have the service chiefs done enough to deserve such packages, especially when insecurity persists in many regions in a country where military procurement details are never public and allegedly, corruption sits deep in these budgets?

“This policy reflects deeper issues in governance. It sends a troubling signal that public resources can be lavishly spent on elites, regardless of performance.

“Citizens and the media must challenge such policies that always hide behind national security, and demand a focus on the greater good. While insecurity has marginally reduced in some areas, it is far from enough to justify rewarding leaders with excessive perks,” he stated.

The Executive Director of the Rule of Law Advocacy and Accountability Centre, Okechukwu Nwaguma, pointed out that the retirement benefits reflected “a troubling disconnect between government actions and the realities faced by citizens”, adding that the justification for such perks was questionable.

He noted, “The Nigerian government’s decision to grant excessive retirement perks to military leaders amid the current economic hardship reflects a troubling disconnect between government actions and the realities faced by citizens.

“It raises significant concerns regarding government prioritization and fairness. The lavish retirement benefits of military leaders contrast sharply with the struggles faced by the majority of citizens dealing with insecurity, unemployment, and inflation.

“This disparity can deepen public disenchantment with the government, as it appears more focused on rewarding elites than addressing the needs of ordinary people.”

Nwaguma said the decision may reinforce the perception that the Tinubu government favoured elite interests, fostering public alienation.

“It raises questions about the fairness of resource allocation during times of crisis. This situation highlights the need for improved governance that reflects the will and welfare of the people. Citizens expect their leaders to demonstrate empathy and responsibility.

“For lasting stability and public trust, the government should align its policies with the socioeconomic realities of the populace and prioritise security and social welfare initiatives,” he added.

 

Credit: The Punch

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