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Multiple Interest Rate Hikes Have Helped To Restore Confidence In Naira — CBN Governor Cardoso 

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The governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Olayemi Cadoso, says the multiple interest rate hikes have restored confidence in the naira.

The consecutive interest rate hikes have encouraged people to see the currency differently, Cardoso stated.

The CBN governor made this known while speaking at a press conference on Tuesday after the monetary policy committee’s (MPC) 297th meeting in Abuja.

Since the resumption of the MPC meeting this year, the committee has increased the monetary policy rate (MPR), which benchmarks the interest rates, from 22.75 percent in February to 27.25 percent in September.

Cardoso said the monetary tightening has also helped to moderate inflation.

“There was a situation where exchange rate was really running at an incredible pace and people were beginning to lose confidence in the currency,” he said.

“We believe that these multiple hikes have helped for people to now begin to take a different look at their currency, and there is a greater incentive to hold naira as opposed to a situation that we had before where this was not the case.”

However, on June 12, the World Bank warned that the multiple interest rate hikes may not rein inflation and the failure of the monetary tightening poses a risk to economic growth.

Also, the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE) on Tuesday said the latest hike in interest rate by the CBN is detrimental to investment and economic growth.

Speaking further, Cardoso said the CBN has worked to make the foreign exchange market more flexible and transparent by clearing the backlog of $7 billion and improving transparency in its operations.

He said it has rebuilt confidence in Nigeria’s financial system.

On February 5, Cardoso said he inherited a $7 billion foreign exchange (FX) backlog when he became the head of the apex bank in September 2023, however, it has dropped to $2.2 billion.

A month later, the CBN announced that it had successfully settled all valid outstanding FX obligations.

  • ‘MONEY SUPPLY INCREASED BY N35TRN WITHIN 8 YEARS’

Cardoso said money supply increased by N35 trillion within eight years due to ways and means advances.

The CBN governor said between 2015 and 2023, the country’s money supply rose from N19 trillion to N54 trillion.

He said the increase was driven majorly by the printing of money through the ways and means mechanism, which led to an alarming rate of liquidity into the economy.

“We came into a very loose money supply situation. Between 2015 and 2023, the past eight years witnessed an incredible amount of pumping of liquidity into the system,” Cardoso said.

“In 2015, money supply was about N19 trillion and in 2023, it was N54 trillion. That is a huge increase, a very, very huge increase, and a substantial amount of that was through ways and means.

“Essentially printing of money resulted in a huge amount of money chasing because this is the implication. Chasing the same amount of goods, a relatively small amount of goods growing at 1.2 percent during that time and money supply was growing at 12.6 percent. You can see the inherent distortion there.”

The CBN governor said the situation worsened in 2015, when global oil prices collapsed, aggravating Nigeria’s economic challenges, given its heavy dependence on oil.

He said as a result of the collapse in oil prices, there was a decline in available FX, prompting authorities to fix exchange rates, which subsequently led to multiple exchange rates and opportunities for arbitrage.

“In other words, you had a situation where the response to excess money supply, little foreign exchange available was to fix exchange rates which now resulted in multiple exchange rates and arbitrage opportunities between one and the other and of course, this in itself, resulted in a backlog of foreign exchange, because this is where all these things have come from,” he said.

“Real sector at the time were obviously unable to access foreign exchange and things really got difficult and inflation continued to spike.”

Cardoso said upon assuming office, the CBN initiated a series of reforms to address the distortions.

One key reform, according to the CBN governor, was the attempt to harmonise the multiple exchange rates.

He said it has yielded positive results.

“Including the fact that you no longer have these multiple windows and including the fact that exchange rate is a lot more flexible and people are more able to transact their businesses through willing buyer, willing seller, as opposed to a situation where multiple exchange rates discourages or does not enable that to happen,” he added.

On January 29, CBN said it had started implementing a comprehensive strategy to improve liquidity in the Nigerian FX markets in the short, medium, and long term.

The apex bank said the FX reforms were designed to streamline and harmonise multiple exchange rates, promote transparency, and lessen the likelihood of arbitrage opportunities.

BIG STORY

UBA And Mastercard Introduce Debit Card With Benefits And Discounts To Commemorate UBA’s 75th Anniversary

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Africa’s Global Bank, United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, has collaborated with Mastercard to launch a commemorative debit card in celebration of UBA’s 75th anniversary.

This collaboration aims to honor UBA’s long-standing customer relationships and enhance their banking experience with a range of offers and discounts across multiple platforms.

UBA’s Group Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, Oliver Alawuba, who spoke at the unveiling, highlighted that the card comes loaded with certain benefits aimed at rewarding customers, including limited 25% off purchases on Jumia and USD75 cashback on transactions made through AliExpress.

He added that this initiative symbolizes the shared vision between UBA and Mastercard towards empowering Africans by enhancing customer experience through secure and convenient transactions.

“This new card represents the deepening of our relationship and our shared mission to empower millions of Nigerians and Africans, by providing them with access to secure transactions and new opportunities across the continent,” Alawuba said.

The GMD also disclosed the bank’s plans to unveil similar products across all its subsidiaries. “We are proud of this collaboration, and we are confident that Mastercard’s role in Africa will only grow stronger in the coming years,” he added.

Mark Elliott, Division President for Africa, Mastercard, expressed his appreciation for the UBA collaboration, emphasising its significance in supporting Africa’s digital economy. “We are excited to collaborate with UBA to celebrate this milestone and bring more value to customers across Africa. This commemorative card is more than just a product; it reflects our commitment to advancing financial inclusion and supporting Africans in accessing secure, convenient and impactful financial solutions.”

Elliott highlighted the immense opportunities within the African payment ecosystem and shared that Mastercard is eager to explore new opportunities with UBA. “Together with UBA, we are focused on delivering innovation that meet the evolving needs of the region, empowering individuals, and promoting digital growth across the continent,” he stated.

The launch of the commemorative debit card represents a significant step in UBA and Mastercard’s shared journey towards financial empowerment and innovation across Africa.

 

About United Bank for Africa

United Bank for Africa Plc is a leading Pan-African financial institution, offering banking services to more than forty-five million customers, across 1,000 business offices and customer touch points in 20 African countries. With presence in New York, London, Paris and Dubai, UBA is connecting people and businesses across Africa through retail, commercial and corporate banking, innovative cross-border payments and remittances, trade finance and ancillary banking services.

 

About Mastercard

Mastercard powers economies and empowers people in 200+ countries and territories worldwide. Together with our customers, we’re building a sustainable economy where everyone can prosper. We support a wide range of digital payments choices, making transactions secure, simple, smart and accessible. Our technology and innovation, partnerships and networks combine to deliver a unique set of products and services that help people, businesses and governments realize their greatest potential.

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BIG STORY

19 Of 38 Directors Fail Permanent Secretary Examination

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Nineteen Directors have failed the Permanent Secretary written examinations conducted in Abuja on Monday.

They were among the 38 eligible candidates who sat for the three-stage selection process to fill the vacancies for the retiring permanent secretaries from Abia, Bayelsa, Ebonyi, Enugu, Gombe, Kaduna, Kebbi, and Rivers States.

The Head of Information and Public Relations, Office of the Head of Civil Service of the Federation, Mrs. Eno Olotu, said in a statement on Tuesday that the 19 candidates still in the race will on Wednesday proceed to the second stage of the exercise, which will test their competence in the use of “Information Communication and Technology (ICT)” in conducting government business.

The Office of the Head of Service of the Federation usually follows an established tradition of carrying out a rigorous three-stage exercise that ensures that only the very best among the directors on Grade Level 17 are appointed permanent secretaries and equipped with appropriate and relevant skills to improve and sustain effective delivery of services.

The statement further noted that the successful candidates would then proceed to the final stage, where they would be grilled by a carefully constituted panel of top bureaucrats and representatives of the organised private sector, on Friday, November 15.

Olotu extended the goodwill of the Head of the Civil Service of the Federation, Mrs. Esther Didi Walson-Jack, to all the 38 candidates and appreciated the continued support of the Nigerian public in entrenching “meritocracy” in career progression in the Civil Service.

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BIG STORY

Autonomy: FG, Governors, Local Government Chairmen Sign Implementation Agreement

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The Committee on Local Government Autonomy, set up by the Federal Government, has concluded its meetings and signed the technical document, which is expected to be transmitted to President Bola Tinubu soon.

The National President of the National Union of Local Government Employees (NULGE), Hakeem Ambali, made this known in an interview (with The PUNCH) on Tuesday.

In May, the Federal Government, represented by the Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice, Lateef Fagbemi, filed a lawsuit to challenge the governors’ authority to receive and withhold federal allocations meant for Local Government Areas (LGAs).

The suit sought to prevent state governors from unilaterally dissolving democratically elected local government councils and establishing caretaker committees.

The AGF argued that the constitution mandated a democratically elected local government system and did not allow alternative governance structures.

On July 11, 2024, the Supreme Court gave a landmark judgment affirming the financial autonomy of the 774 LGs in the country, noting that governors could no longer control funds meant for the councils.

The seven-member Supreme Court panel, led by Justice Garba Lawal, ruled that it was illegal and unconstitutional for governors to manage and withhold LG funds.

The apex court also directed the Accountant-General of the Federation to pay LG allocations directly to their accounts, as it declared the non-remittance of funds by the 36 states unconstitutional.

Also, on August 20, the Federal Government instituted a 10-member inter-ministerial committee to implement the Supreme Court’s ruling on local government autonomy.

The committee members include the Minister of Finance & Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Wale Edun; Attorney-General of the Federation & Minister of Justice, Lateef Fagbemi SAN; Minister of Budget & Economic Planning, Abubakar Bagudu; Accountant-General of the Federation, Oluwatoyin Madein; and the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Olayemi Cardoso.

Others are the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Finance, Mrs Lydia Jafiya; the Chairman, Revenue Mobilisation Allocation & Fiscal Commission, Mohammed Shehu; and representatives of state governors and the local governments.

The committee’s primary goal is to ensure that local governments are granted full autonomy, allowing them to function effectively without interference from state governments.

Speaking to our correspondent on Tuesday, Ambali said, “The committee has held its final meeting and we have signed the technical document which will be transmitted to Mr President so by November end. It is expected that states will receive their allocations from FAAC. Also, I can tell you that the President is eager to receive that document. The committee worked within the time frame that was provided.”

Meanwhile, the National Union of Teachers (NUT) has expressed fears about the capacity of LGs to pay the N70,000 new minimum wage to primary school teachers.

The NUT’s apprehension is based on the failure of the councils to implement the former N30,000 minimum wage.

Findings by our correspondent show that some LG workers in Nasarawa, Enugu, Zamfara, Borno, Yobe, and Kogi states, among others, have remained on the N18,000 minimum wage, which was approved in 2011.

However, the inability of the councils to implement the minimum wage has been blamed on the failure of the government to fully implement LG autonomy.

Data obtained from the NUT revealed that teachers in LG primary schools were not paid the former minimum wage.

In Enugu State, for instance, LG workers were exempted from benefiting from the minimum wage, even though state workers enjoyed the salary.

Also, Abia, Adamawa, Bauchi, Nasarawa, Kogi, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara, Imo, and Gombe States did not implement the old minimum wage for teachers at both state and local levels.

Confirming this, the General Secretary of the National Union of Teachers, Dr. Mike Ene, said, “I can tell you that some states didn’t even implement the N18,000 minimum wage for teachers at the local level. Some governors refused to pay, stating that the teachers are under the employment of the local governments.

“There should be no form of segregation when it comes to the implementation of the minimum wage. We all go to the same market. There is no specific market for local government workers. However, we commend all the governors who have come out to say that the minimum wage will be implemented across the board.

“Also, the NLC has vowed to shake the country by December should state governments fail to implement the minimum wage, so I can tell you that the move by the NLC will force things into play.”

But NULGE president Ambali assured that the minimum wage would be implemented across the board when the LG autonomy commences.

“Over the years, governors have had one excuse, and that is the fact that they always claimed that LGs are autonomous so they can’t negotiate minimum wage on behalf of LG workers. But the truth is that LGs were never autonomous during those periods.

“However, during the negotiation of the new minimum wage, the President brought in representatives of ALGON (Association of Local Governments of Nigeria) to also negotiate, and with the LG autonomy coming into play, that will be settled. The NLC has also given an ultimatum of December for all states as regards the payment of the minimum wage,” he added.

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